（1）Root-associated microbiomes are widely assumed to be primarily shaped by the host plant.人们普遍认为，根系相关微生物群落主要由宿主植物塑造。

（2）However, other co-occurring plants can also influence the composition of this microbiome. 然而，其他共生植物也可以影响这一微生物群落的组成。

（3）This can be either directly, by stimulating or suppressing microbial recruitment of the focal plant, or indirectly, through soil legacies that shape the microbial pool encountered by the focal plant during establishment. 这种影响可以是直接的（通过促进或抑制目标植物对微生物的招募），也可以是间接的（通过土壤遗留效应，即改变目标植物在定殖过程中所遇到的微生物库）。

（4）The relative importance of these neighbor effects shaping the focal plant microbiome and the consequences for focal plant growth remain poorly known.  这些邻居效应在塑造目标植物微生物组方面的相对重要性，及其对目标植物生长的影响，目前尚不明确。

Steering root-associated microbiomes via direct and soil legacy effects of neighbors

摘要

（1）Root-associated microbiomes are widely assumed to be primarily shaped by the host plant.人们普遍认为，根系相关微生物群落主要由宿主植物塑造。

（2）However, other co-occurring plants can also influence the composition of this microbiome. 然而，其他共生植物也可以影响这一微生物群落的组成。

（3）This can be either directly, by stimulating or suppressing microbial recruitment of the focal plant, or indirectly, through soil legacies that shape the microbial pool encountered by the focal plant during establishment. 这种影响可以是直接的（通过促进或抑制目标植物对微生物的招募），也可以是间接的（通过土壤遗留效应，即改变目标植物在定殖过程中所遇到的微生物库）。

（4）The relative importance of these neighbor effects shaping the focal plant microbiome and the consequences for focal plant growth remain poorly known.  这些邻居效应在塑造目标植物微生物组方面的相对重要性，及其对目标植物生长的影响，目前尚不明确。

（5）Here, we challenge the paradigm that the host plant identity is the main driver of root-associated bacterial and fungal communities. 在此，我们挑战了“宿主植物身份是根系相关细菌和真菌群落的主要驱动因素”这一传统范式。

（6）Under experimental conditions, we show that the influence of the host plant on root-associated microbiomes is dramatically reduced in the presence of neighbors and their soil legacies.在实验条件下，我们发现在有邻居植物及其土壤遗留效应存在时，宿主植物对根系相关微生物群落的影响显著减弱。

（7）Remarkably, root-associated bacterial communities were primarily shaped by co-occurring neighbor plants, while fungal communities were mainly determined by soil legacies from previously grown plants.值得注意的是，根系相关细菌群落主要由共生的邻居植物塑造，而真菌群落则主要由先前生长植物的土壤遗留效应决定。

（8）Furthermore, culturable microbial communities (NatComs) isolated from the roots of focal plants differed greatly depending on neighbor identity and soil legacies.此外，从目标植物根系分离的可培养微生物群落因邻居植物身份和土壤遗留效应的不同而存在显著差异。

（9）Inoculating new focal plants with these communities caused strong responses in growth that varied greatly depending on the history of these isolated communities, highlighting the importance of neighbor effects.将这些微生物群落接种到新的目标植物上，会引起强烈的生长响应，且该响应因所接种微生物群落历史背景的不同而存在巨大差异，这凸显了邻居效应的重要性。

（10）Finally, we show that metabolites produced by these microbial communities are one mechanistic pathway through which neighbors influence plant growth.最后，我们证明这些微生物群落产生的代谢物是邻居植物影响目标植物生长的一条机制途径。

（11）Our results stress the often-overlooked ecological and functional importance of both direct and indirect effects of neighbor plants in shaping root-associated microbiomes. 我们的结果强调了邻居植物的直接和间接效应在塑造根系相关微生物群落中常被忽视的生态和功能重要性。

（12）By integrating neighbor effects with host identity, this work provides a starting point for understanding how neighboring plants contribute to shaping plant communities, with potential implications for sustainable agriculture. 通过将邻居效应与宿主植物身份相结合，本研究为理解邻居植物如何塑造植物群落提供了一个起点，并对可持续农业具有潜在的重要意义。

Result

（13）Neighbors and soil legacies alter root-associated microbiomes邻居植物与土壤遗留效应改变根系相关微生物组

（14）Consistency of neighbor and soil legacy effects邻居效应与土壤遗留效应的一致性

（15）Neighbors and soil legacies influence plant growth邻居植物与土壤遗留效应影响植物生长

图B 特定植物（如梯牧草PP）作为邻居，或者特定植物留下的土壤遗留，是否能跨不同目标植物物种，一致地改变某些微生物的丰度？

（16）Effects of isolated NatComs on plant growth分离获得的自然微生物群落对植物生长的影响

作者有选择地选取了约 9 种关键处理组合（Focal + 3种土壤遗留 + 3种邻居 + ~2种组合）来制备 NatComs

（17）Metabolic profiles of isolated bacterial NatComs and their effect on plant growth分离获得的细菌自然微生物群落的代谢谱及其对植物生长的影响

（6）Under experimental conditions, we show that the influence of the host plant on root-associated microbiomes is dramatically reduced in the presence of neighbors and their soil legacies.在实验条件下，我们发现在有邻居植物及其土壤遗留效应存在时，宿主植物对根系相关微生物群落的影响显著减弱。

（7）Remarkably, root-associated bacterial communities were primarily shaped by co-occurring neighbor plants, while fungal communities were mainly determined by soil legacies from previously grown plants.值得注意的是，根系相关细菌群落主要由共生的邻居植物塑造，而真菌群落则主要由先前生长植物的土壤遗留效应决定。