危害

（1）渗透胁迫改变细胞形态，导致气孔关闭，干扰植物的光合作用。

（2）进入细胞的大量Na+和Cl-导致植物中的离子胁迫，这引起K+依赖性酶活性的降低、氮源的阻碍，并最终导致代谢紊乱和营养失衡。

（3）渗透和离子胁迫也导致ROS的产生，而氧化胁迫最终通过影响细胞器操作成分或导致其结构受损而在植物中引起。这些不利影响一起抑制了正常的植物生长发育。

摘要

（1）Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threatening agricultural yield and ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are detrimental to most plants by limiting plant growth and productivity. 土壤盐渍化是一种重要的环境胁迫因素，威胁着世界范围内的农业产量和生态安全。含盐土壤积累过多的可溶性盐，通过限制植物生长和生产力而对大多数植物有害。

（2）It is of great necessity for plants to efficiently deal with the adverse effects不利影响 caused by salt stress for survival and successful reproduction. Multiple determinants of salt tolerance have been identified in plants, and the cellular and physiological生理 mechanisms of plant salt response and adaption have been intensely 深入characterized. 植物有效应对盐胁迫对其生存和成功繁殖的不利影响是非常必要的。植物耐盐性的多种决定因素已被鉴定，植物盐反应和适应的细胞和生理机制已被深入研究。

（3）Plants respond to salt stress signals and rapidly initiate开始 signaling pathways to re-establish cellular homeostasis体內稳态 with adjusted growth and cellular metabolism. 植物对盐胁迫信号做出反应，并迅速启动信号通路，通过调节生长和细胞代谢来重建细胞稳态。

（4）This review summarizes the advances in salt stress perception, signaling, and response in plants. A better understanding of plant salt resistance will contribute to improving crop performance under saline conditions using multiple engineering approaches. 本文综述了植物对盐胁迫的感知、信号和反应的研究进展。更好地了解植物的抗盐性将有助于利用多种工程方法改善作物在盐碱条件下的表现。

（5）The rhizosphere microbiome-mediated plant salt tolerance as well as chemical priming for enhanced plant salt resistance are also discussed in this review.本文还讨论了根际微生物介导的植物耐盐性以及化学引发增强植物耐盐性。

Fig.1. The adverse effects of salt stress imposed on plants. The damages to plants are mainly caused by waterdeficit亏缺 and increased intracellular Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents under saline conditions. 盐胁迫对植物的不利影响。对植物的伤害主要是由水分亏缺和盐环境下细胞内Na+和Cl-含量增加引起的

（1）Osmotic stress changes cell morphology形态 and leads to stomatal closure气孔关闭, interfering photosynthesis光合作用 in plants. 渗透胁迫改变细胞形态，导致气孔关闭，干扰植物的光合作用。

（2）The large amount of Na⁺and Cl⁻ entering into the cells causes ionic stress in plants, which gives rise to the reduction of K⁺-dependent enzyme activity, obstruction of nitrogen sources, and finally metabolic disorders and nutrient imbalance. 进入细胞的大量Na+和Cl-导致植物中的离子胁迫，这引起K+依赖性酶活性的降低、氮源的阻碍，并最终导致代谢紊乱和营养失衡。

（3）Osmotic and ionic stress also lead to ROS production, and oxidative stress is caused in plants finally by affecting the organelle operating components 细胞器操作部件or causing damage to their structure. These adverse effects together repress压抑 normal plant growth development. ROS, reactive oxygen species. 。渗透和离子胁迫也导致ROS的产生，而氧化胁迫最终通过影响细胞器操作成分或导致其结构受损而在植物中引起。这些不利影响一起抑制了正常的植物生长发育。

adverse effects 不利影响

 homeostasis 体內稳态

 initiate 开始

This review summarizes the advances in salt stress perception

physiological 生理