This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the critical role of soil and plant-associated microbiomes in conferring stress tolerance to major oilseed species, including rapeseed (Brassica napus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), soybean (Glycine max), and sesame (Sesamum indicum). 本综述综合了关于土壤和植物相关微生物组在赋予主要油料物种（包括油菜、向日葵、大豆和芝麻）胁迫耐受性中关键作用的最新研究进展。

Rhizosphere microbiome dynamics and plant adaptation to abiotic stress in major oilseed crops: a review

（1）Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, and heavy metal contamination, severely limit oilseed crop productivity under accelerating climate change. 干旱、盐碱、极端温度、养分缺乏以及重金属污染等非生物胁迫，在气候变化不断加剧的背景下严重限制了油料作物的生产力。

（2）This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the critical role of soil and plant-associated microbiomes in conferring stress tolerance to major oilseed species, including rapeseed (Brassica napus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), soybean (Glycine max), and sesame (Sesamum indicum). 本综述综合了关于土壤和植物相关微生物组在赋予主要油料物种（包括油菜、向日葵、大豆和芝麻）胁迫耐受性中关键作用的最新研究进展。

（3）Beneficial microorganisms, particularly plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and endophytes, enhance plant tolerance through an integrated network of biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms.有益微生物，特别是植物根际促生菌、丛枝菌根真菌和内生菌，通过生化、生理和分子机制构成的整合网络增强植物的耐受性。

（4）Biochemically, they modulate phytohormone levels (e.g., IAA and ABA), produce osmoprotectants, and regulate antioxidant systems (e.g., SOD, CAT, POD) to mitigate oxidative damage.在生化层面，它们调节植物激素水平（如IAA和ABA），产生渗透保护剂，并调控抗氧化系统（如SOD、CAT、POD）以减轻氧化损伤。

（5）Physiologically, these processes contribute to improved root architecture, water-use efficiency, nutrient acquisition, and ion homeostasis under stress conditions.在生理层面，这些过程有助于在胁迫条件下改善根系结构、提高水分利用效率、增强养分获取能力并维持离子稳态。

（6）At the molecular level, microorganisms influence gene expression and signaling pathways associated with stress responses, including activation of stress-responsive genes and metabolic adjustments.在分子层面，微生物影响与胁迫响应相关的基因表达和信号通路，包括激活胁迫响应基因和进行代谢调整。

（7）These interconnected mechanisms collectively strengthen plant resilience by coordinating metabolic regulation, cellular protection, and adaptive responses within the plant-microbiome system.这些相互关联的机制通过在植物-微生物组系统内协调代谢调控、细胞保护和适应性响应，共同增强了植物的恢复力。

（8）Agroecological practices (soil type, crop rotation, tillage, fertilization) strongly shape microbial community assembly and functional potential, while multi-omics approaches (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics) reveal stress-driven restructuring and adaptive metabolic shifts in the rhizosphere.农业生态实践（土壤类型、作物轮作、耕作、施肥）强烈塑造微生物群落的组装和功能潜力，而多组学方法（宏基因组学、宏转录组学、代谢组学）则揭示了胁迫驱动的根际微生物组重构和适应性代谢转变。

（9）Emerging tools such as synthetic microbial consortia (SynComs) and targeted microbiome engineering offer promising, sustainable alternatives to conventional breeding and chemical interventions, enhancing soil health, nutrient cycling, and agroecosystem resilience with reduced environmental footprint.合成微生物群落和靶向微生物组工程等新兴工具为传统育种和化学干预提供了有前景且可持续的替代方案，能够在减少环境足迹的同时增强土壤健康、养分循环和农业生态系统的恢复力。

（10） This review presents a comprehensive synthesis with a specific focus on oilseed crops, integrating current knowledge on microbiome dynamics under multiple abiotic stress conditions—an area that remains comparatively underrepresented in the literature.本综述以油料作物为特定焦点，整合了目前关于多重非生物胁迫条件下微生物组动态的知识——这一领域在文献中仍相对未被充分涉及。

（11） It examines key microbial groups driving adaptation, evaluates omics-based insights into plant-microbiome interactions, identifies critical research gaps, and outlines future directions for microbial inoculants and climate-resilient oilseed production systems.本文探讨了驱动适应的关键微生物类群，评估了基于组学的植物-微生物组相互作用研究见解，指出了关键的研究空白，并概述了微生物菌剂和气候适应型油料作物生产系统的未来发展方向。

（12） Result

（13） Literature search and study selection strategy文献检索与研究筛选策略

（14） Soil microorganisms and associations with oilseed crops土壤微生物及其与油料作物的关联

 Representative soil microorganisms, their ecological roles, and associations with oilseed crops

（15） Abiotic stress and soil microbial communities’ structure of oilseeds非生物胁迫与油料作物土壤微生物群落结构

（16） A role of microbiome in the response of oilseed crops to abiotic stress 微生物组在油料作物非生物胁迫响应中的作用

当植物（特别是油料作物）面对干旱、极端温度、重金属等非生物胁迫时，它的根际微生物群体会发生“重组”，而这种重组反过来又能帮助植物抵抗胁迫。

（17） Multi-omics-driven microbiome biotechnologies for abiotic stress tolerance in oilseed crops 多组学驱动的微生物组生物技术在油料作物非生物胁迫耐受性中的应用

（18） Agronomic drivers of soil microbiome functioning and abiotic stress tolerance in oilseed crops 土壤微生物组功能与油料作物非生物胁迫耐受性的农学驱动因素

当油菜、芥菜等芸薹科油料作物面临干旱、盐碱等胁迫时，会通过自己根部的“化学信号”（硫苷和脂质两条路径），主动“招募”一批有益的微生物来帮助自己抵抗胁迫，最终保护种子的油分品质。

用于管理土壤微生物组、提高油料作物抗逆性的主要宏基因组学和生物技术方法

（4）Biochemically, they modulate phytohormone levels (e.g., IAA and ABA), produce osmoprotectants, and regulate antioxidant systems (e.g., SOD, CAT, POD) to mitigate oxidative damage.在生化层面，它们调节植物激素水平（如IAA和ABA），产生渗透保护剂，并调控抗氧化系统（如SOD、CAT、POD）以减轻氧化损伤。

（5）Physiologically, these processes contribute to improved root architecture, water-use efficiency, nutrient acquisition, and ion homeostasis under stress conditions.在生理层面，这些过程有助于在胁迫条件下改善根系结构、提高水分利用效率、增强养分获取能力并维持离子稳态。

（6）At the molecular level, microorganisms influence gene expression and signaling pathways associated with stress responses, including activation of stress-responsive genes and metabolic adjustments.在分子层面，微生物影响与胁迫响应相关的基因表达和信号通路，包括激活胁迫响应基因和进行代谢调整。