抗性品种的根际表现出与植物健康相关的多种代谢途径的显著富集，包括链霉素、类苯丙酸和异黄酮生物合成。

Synthetic communities and metabolite-driven enrichment of keystone rhizosphere microbial taxa suppress bacterial wilt disease in peanut 

摘要

（1）Resistant cultivars play important roles in controlling pathogen invasion in peanut. 抗病品种在控制病原入侵花生中起着重要作用。  

（2）However, it remains unclear whether and how the metabolites secreted by resistant cultivars and the keystone microbes enriched in their rhizosphere can compensate for the lack of pathogen resistance in susceptible cultivars. 然而，目前尚不清楚抗病品种分泌的代谢产物和根际微生物是否能补偿感病品种的抗病性缺失。  

（3）In this study, we investigated the roles of metabolites and rhizosphere microbes from resistant peanut cultivars in controlling bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum using pot experiments coupled with multi-omics analyses and cultivation assays. R. solanacearum inoculation significantly decreased microbial diversity and network complexity in susceptible cultivars, whereas it increased network complexity in resistant cultivars 本研究采用盆栽试验、多组学分析和培养试验相结合的方法，研究了花生抗病品种的代谢产物和根际微生物在防治青枯病中的作用。接种青枯菌显著降低了感病品种的微生物多样性和网络复杂性，而增加了抗病品种的网络复杂性 . 

（4）Under R. solanacearum inoculation, the rhizosphere of resistant cultivars exhibited significant enrichment of several metabolic pathways related to plant health, including streptomycin, phenylpropanoid, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, inoculation induced the recruitment of three putative keystone microbial taxa (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Talaromyces), which were significantly correlated with four key metabolites (citrulline, L-phenylalanine, kaempferol, and isopimpinellin) that promoted the growth of these taxa in vitro. 在接种青枯菌的情况下，抗性品种的根际表现出与植物健康相关的多种代谢途径的显著富集，包括链霉素、类苯丙酸和异黄酮生物合成。此外，接种诱导了三种推定的关键微生物分类群(芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和Talaromyces)的补充，这三种微生物分类群与促进这些分类群体外生长的四种关键代谢物(瓜氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、山奈酚和异胡椒素)显著相关。

（5）Combined application of a synthetic community (SynCom4) and metabolites was more effective than SynCom4 alone in suppressing bacterial wilt in peanut and enriched additional beneficial microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Talaromyces, Glutamicibacter, Penicillium, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas. 合成菌群(SynCom4)和代谢物的组合应用在抑制花生青枯病方面比SynCom4单独应用更有效，并富集了额外的有益微生物，包括芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、Talaromyces、谷氨酸杆菌、青霉、微杆菌、短杆菌和寡养单胞菌。  

（6）These microbes further enhanced peanut resistance against R. solanacearum by activating the host immune system and inducing the synthesis of lignin and antimicrobial compounds (quercetin, dihydroquercetin, and cyanidin). 这些微生物通过激活宿主免疫系统和诱导木质素和抗微生物化合物(槲皮素、二氢槲皮素和矢车菊素)的合成，进一步增强了花生对青枯病菌的抗性。

（7） In summary, our work provides a mechanistic understanding of how resistant cultivars modulate their rhizosphere microbiota through metabolite-mediated regulation to combat R. solanacearum invasion in peanut and highlights the importance of interactions between keystone microbes and key metabolites in disease suppression. 总之，我们的工作提供了抗性品种如何通过代谢物介导的调节来调节其根际微生物群以对抗花生青枯菌入侵的机理理解，并强调了关键微生物和关键代谢物之间的相互作用在病害抑制中的重要性

实验设计总览，清晰地展示了从“现象发现”到“机制验证”再到“应用验证”的完整逻辑链条。下面我逐一解释每个子图（A-D）的含义和作用。

子图 A：现象发现——抗病品种 vs 感病品种的差异

（8）Result

（9）Rhizosphere microbiota of resistant cultivars shift to a resistant state upon R. solanacearum invasion 抗性品种根际微生物区系在青枯病菌入侵后转变为抗性状态

（10） Identification of keystone taxa that potentially confer resistance to bacterial wilt disease 鉴定潜在地赋予对青枯病抗性的关键分类群

（11） Correlation of rhizosphere metabolite levels with the growth of keystone microbes 根际代谢物水平与基石微生物生长的相关性

（12） Effects of exogenous metabolites on keystone taxa and R. solanacearum and the disease suppression ability of isolates 外源代谢物对keystone类群和青枯菌的影响及菌株的抑病能力

（13） Effects of SynComs and exogenous metabolites on peanut resistance to bacterial wilt disease 同源物和外源代谢物对花生青枯病抗性的影响

However, it remains unclear whether and how the metabolites secreted by resistant cultivars and the keystone microbes enriched in their rhizosphere can compensate for the lack of pathogen resistance in susceptible cultivars