在代谢水平上，NH1处理改变了根际代谢组，其中萜类化合物、莽草酸酯类和苯丙烷类化合物（如5-O-甲基恩贝林和亚油酸酯）与富集的微生物呈显著正相关，可能发挥着关键作用。

Deinococcus sp. NH1 enhances cadmium tolerance in rice by modulating rhizosphere microbiome and plant metabolism

摘要

（1）Cadmium stress threatens rice safety and farmland management. 镉胁迫威胁着水稻安全和农田管理。

（2）To investigate the role of high‑cadmium‑tolerant Deinococcus in alleviating plant cadmium stress, this study identified a strain, Deinococcus sp. NH1, with highly cadmium-tolerant and growth-promoting potential, via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-genome average nucleotide identity analysis.为了探究高耐镉的奇异球菌（Deinococcus）在缓解植物镉胁迫中的作用，本研究通过16S rRNA基因测序和全基因组平均核苷酸同一性分析，鉴定出一株具有高耐镉潜力和促生效应的菌株——奇异球菌NH1（Deinococcus sp. NH1）。

（3）Under cadmium stress conditions, inoculation with NH1 significantly alleviated growth inhibition in rice, resulting in notable increases in plant height, fresh weight, and root density. 在镉胁迫条件下，接种NH1菌株显著缓解了水稻的生长抑制，导致植株高度、鲜重和根系密度显著增加。

（4）In soil containing 10 mg/kg cadmium, NH1 inoculation downregulated originally elevated genes related to cadmium detoxification and stress response, while upregulating biosynthesis and energy metabolism genes. 在含有10 mg/kg镉的土壤中，NH1接种使原本升高的与镉解毒和胁迫响应相关的基因表达下调，同时上调了生物合成和能量代谢相关基因。

（5）Cadmium reduced rhizobacterial diversity, but NH1 restored diversity and induced community restructuring, significantly enriching beneficial microorganisms, such as Massilia and Haliangium. 镉处理降低了根际细菌多样性，但NH1恢复了多样性并诱导了群落结构重组，显著富集了有益微生物，如马西利亚菌属（Massilia）和哈利亚菌属（Haliangium）。

（6）At the metabolic level, NH1 treatment altered the rhizosphere metabolome, in which terpenoids, and shikimates and phenylpropanoids such as 5-O-methylembelin and linoleate that showed significant positive correlations with the enriched microorganisms may play key roles. 在代谢水平上，NH1处理改变了根际代谢组，其中萜类化合物、莽草酸酯类和苯丙烷类化合物（如5-O-甲基恩贝林和亚油酸酯）与富集的微生物呈显著正相关，可能发挥着关键作用。

（7）In summary, NH1 enhances rice tolerance to cadmium stress by regulating host gene expression, restoring and reshaping the rhizosphere microbial community structure, and driving beneficial microbe‑metabolite interactions.综上所述，NH1通过调控宿主基因表达、恢复并重塑根际微生物群落结构以及驱动有益微生物-代谢物相互作用，增强了水稻对镉胁迫的耐受性。

（8）This study offers new insights into plant-microbe interactions in heavy metal stress mitigation.  这项研究为重金属胁迫缓解中的植物-微生物相互作用提供了新的见解。

（9）Result

（10）Deinococcus sp. NH1 effectively reduces growth inhibition in rice under cadmium stress 奇异球菌属。NH1有效降低镉胁迫下水稻的生长抑制

NH1可：1) 恢复镉胁迫下的水稻生长（株高、根长、鲜重）2) 降低氧化应激水平（POD、APX活性下降）3) 仅在胁迫条件下表现促生效果（正常条件下无显著影响）。

（11）Deinococcus sp. NH1 modulates the bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere and enriches potentially beneficial strains 奇异球菌属。NH1调节水稻根际的细菌群落，并丰富潜在的有益菌株

Figure 2 发现：NH1在根际定殖极低，却能恢复镉胁迫下的根际细菌多样性并改变群落结构。这引出一个关键问题：NH1是否通过“招募/激活”根际中的特定有益菌来间接帮助水稻抗镉？

（12）Cadmium and/or Deinococcus sp. NH1 treatment alters gene expression levels in rice roots

（13）Cadmium (Cd) treatment and/or strain NH1 inoculation alters rice rhizosphere metabolite profiles 镉(Cd)处理和/或接种菌株NH1改变水稻根际代谢物谱

（14）Potential drivers of “responsive” microbial abundance changes “响应性”微生物丰度变化的潜在驱动因素

http://www.microbiomeai.cn/plot-tools/

.为了探究高耐镉的奇异球菌（Deinococcus）在缓解植物镉胁迫中的作用，本研究通过16S rRNA基因测序和全基因组平均核苷酸同一性分析，鉴定出一株具有高耐镉潜力和促生效应的菌株——奇异球菌NH1（Deinococcus sp. NH1）。